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stirring  Facts 


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OCT  12  ISbb 
Logical  st^^ 


BV  3415  .D3  1901 
Davies,  Llewllyn  James 
Stirring  facts 


.^^l^  «f.  f«i«c?^ 


Stirring  Facts 


AN 


ADDRESS    ON    CHINA 


BY  THE   REV. 


LLEWELLYN  JAMES'^DAVIES 


For  eight  years  a  Missionary  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  at  Chi  Nan  Fu 


Philadelphia 

The  Westminster  Press 

1901 


vy 


Copyright>  J90t,by  The  Trustees  of 
The  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication  and  Sabbath-School  Work 


STIRRING  FACTS 


The  cause  of  missions  is  the  cause  of  Christ. 
The  cause  of  Christ  is  the  cause  of  humanity. 
Jesus  is  the  great  missionary  pattern  for  all  the 
ages.  Every  full  Christian  is  by  virtue  of  his 
union  with  Christ  a  missionary.  "  As  thou  hast 
sent  me  into  the  the  world,  even  so  have  I  also 
sent  them  into  the  world."  "  God  so  loved  the 
world,  that  he  gave  his  only  begotten  Son,  that 
whosoever  believeth  in  him  should  not  perish, 
but  have  everlasting  life."  Not  in  anger  but  in 
love,  not  to  condemn  but  to  save,  did  God  send 
his  only  begotten  Son.  God  knows  the  reality 
of  sin  and  the  helplessness  of  man,  the  misery 
and  degradation  to  which  he  has  sunk  through 
his  rebellion  against  his  Creator — his  Father. 

A  noble  response  is  being  made  as  I  write  this 
to  the  cry  for  help  from  Galveston.  The  horrors 
of  death  and  starvation  touch  the  hearts  of  those 
whose  loved  ones  are  safe  and  who  live  in  peace- 
ful plenty.  How  much  more  must  those  who 
are  alive  and  strong  spiritually  hasten  to  call  to 
life  those  who  are  dead  in  trespasses  and  sin ! 
Spiritual  death  is  more  horrible  than  physical 
death,  and  only  the  spiritually  dead  can  look 
with  complacent  unconcern  upon  the  heathen 
world.  For  the  heathen  world  is  dead — is  lost. 
is  without  hope.  The  billows  of  selfishness  and 
sin  have  rolled  over  it ;  the  tornado  of  lust  and 
greed  has  spent  its  force  upon  it;  and  out  of  the 
torn  and  twisted  wreck  there  arises  pestilential 

3 


4  STIRRING    FACTS 

pollution  till  the  whole  life  of  the  people  is  poi- 
soned and  there  is  neither  purity  nor  truth.  "  A 
century  ago  so-called  God-fearing  men  hid  behind 
a  wicked  interpretation  of  the  doctrine  of  God's 
sovereignty,  and  said  that  when  God  wanted  the 
heathen  world  converted  he  would  find  some 
way  to  accomplish  his  purpose  without  the  aid 
of  missionaries.  An  hundred  years  hence  the 
Church  will  look  with  wondering  horror  upon 
the  covetousness  of  the  present  age.  The  Church 
will  have  learned  to  use  its  immense  material  re- 
sources for  the  accomplishment  of  spiritual  ends, 
and  men  will  regard  their  possessions — now  so- 
called — as  not  their  own  in  fee  simple,  but  as  a 
trust  which  they  are  to  administer  for  God,  and 
themselves  as  stewards  of  whom  a  strict  account- 
ing will  be  required.  A  prophecy  of  such  a 
view  and  practice  is  contained  in  some  of  our 
noblest  hymns.  When  all  those  who  profess 
allegiance  to  Jesus,  the  great  Brother  and  Lover 
of  mankind,  become  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name 
brothers  to  all  men,  we  will  enter  an  era  of  "  spir- 
itual expansion  "  and  "  imperialism  "  of  the 
grandeur  of  which  but  few  have  as  yet  dreamed. 
England  will  not  then  make  opium  a  principal 
article  of  trade  with  China,  nor  will  America  be 
known  by  her  beer  bottles  and  rum  barrels.  The 
sounds  of  advancing  civilization  will  not  be  those 
of  the  rifle  and  magazine  gun.  Love  is  stronger 
than  fear.  Right  is  greater  than  might.  God's 
plan  is  better  than  Satan's.  The  devil  has  an 
awful  grip  upon  the  hearts  of  men,  but  the  ex- 
ample of  God's  self-sacrificing  love  manifest  in 
Jesus  will  break  the  power  of  sin.  The  day  will 
come  when,  charged  and  surcharged  with  love 


STIRRING    FACTS  5 

such  as  Christ  bears  us,  the  zeal  for  spiritual  con- 
quest of  the  world  will  seize  upon  the  hearts  of 
all  true  believers  as  now  the  lust  for  physical 
conquest  dominates  men's  lives,  and  they  will  go 
forth  by  the  thousand  and  ten  thousand,  and 
money  and  treasure  be  poured  out  as  water  to 
accomplish  for  all  the  world  what  Christ's  love 
has  made  possible.  Then  will  appear  a  marvel, 
a  new  and  glorious  reformation.  Superstition, 
ignorance,  hate,  avarice,  and  passion,  will  be 
driven  out  of  the  hearts  of  men,  and  in  their 
place  love  will  reign  with  joy  and  peace.  No 
sin-cursed,  plague-stricken  spot  will  remain  on 
the  whole  earth,  because  all  men  will  have  known 
the  Lord  and  have  been  given  life,  life  eternal, 
from  the  hand  of  the  all-bountiful  Father.  God 
speed  the  da}-,  the  longed-for  day,  of  the  im- 
perialism of  righteousness. 

During  seven  years  of  work  in  China,  I  have 
grown  to  love  and  honor  many  of  the  Chinese 
workers  with  whom  I  have  been  associated. 
Dwelling  in  the  midst  of  a  Christless  civilization 
I  have  been  overwhelmed,  as  one  sinking  in 
de^p  waters,  by  the  unutterable  sin  and  misery 
in  which  those  live  who  know  not  Christ. 
When  I  regarded  the  awful  abyss  of  death  into 
which  their  sin  has  plunged  them  I  have  de- 
spaired. But  I  have  seen  tens  and  hundreds, 
yielding  themselves  to  God's  Spirit,  lifted  into 
spiritual  life.  I  have  seen  fear  which  rules  su- 
preme in  all  the  heathen  world  dri\en  out  by  love. 
I  have  seen  these  ransomed  ones,  impelled  by 
the  new  life  within  them,  speaking  and  teaching 
and  drawing  many  more  to  the  Saviour.  So 
despair  has  given  way  to  hope,  and  faith  has 


6  STIRRING    FACTS 

grown  strong,  and  I  believe  that  despite  the 
selfishness  and  apathy  of  the  Church,  God's 
purposes  of  love  shall  not  fail,  but  that  into  all 
the  dark  places  of  the  earth  light,  more  glorious 
than  the  noonday  sun  in  the  Orient,  shall  shine, 
and  joy  and  the  peace  of  God  be  given  those  who 
are  now  in  the  bondage  of  sin  and  fear.  And 
even  now,  though  we  stand  in  the  midst  of  the 
most  violent  and  widespread  of  all  the  anti-foreign 
and  anti-Christian  outbreaks,  I  more  than  ever 
hope  for  the  regeneration  of  China  and  believe 
this  hope  to  be  based  on  facts, — facts  with  which 
I  hope  to  encourage  you  to  a  grand  forward 
movement  for  the  salvation  of  China. 

/  mention  first  the  fact  that  prejudice  against 
foreigners  and  the  Christian  religion  is  slowly,  but 
very  surely,  crumbling. 

How  great  this  prejudice  is  none  can  fully 
realize  but  those  who  have  liv^ed  in  China.  The 
common  name  by  which  a  foreigner  is  designated 
is  "  Foreign  Devil."  Formerly,  every  one  be- 
lieved, and  many  do  still,  that  we  kidnap  chil- 
dren in  order  to  use  eyes  and  hearts  in  the 
preparation  of  medicine.  Many  Chinese  think 
that  at  the  base  of  every  telegraph  pole  a  child 
is  buried.  Stories  of  gross  immorality  on  the 
part  of  foreigners  are  invented,  and  are  circu- 
(lated  by  means  of  tracts  and  illustrated  posters. 
The  anti-foreign  riots  occurring  in  the  Yang  Tse 
valley  in  1891  were  directly  traceable  to  a  series 
of  such  publications  called,  from  the  name  of  the 
province  in  which  they  originated,  "  The  Hunan 
Tracts."  Christians  were  said  to  worship  the 
"pig" — a  pun  on  the  Chinese  word  for  "  Lord," — 
and    to    commit    unspeakable    abominations    in 


STIRRING    FACTS  7 

churches  and  chapels.  Pictures  were  given  de- 
picting scenes  of  grossest  licentiousness.  "  The 
promiscuous  gatherings  of  men  and  women  in 
the  same  building  are  depicted  in  positions  too 
disgusting  to  describe.  The  illustrations  and 
letter-press  out-Nero  Nero.  The  vilest  imag- 
inations have  reached  their  lowest  degradation 
here."  Boys  were  warned  that  the  "  Foreign 
Devils  "  would  deprive  them  of  the  power  to 
perpetuate  the  race,  and  by  these  and  many  such 
tales  was  the  anger  of  the  populace  raised  against 
the  Christians.  There  is,  in  many  minds,  a  firmly- 
rooted  belief  that  the  missionaries  are  political 
agents,  and  that  their  ultimate  aim  is  to  seize  the 
country  for  their  home  governments.  One  of 
the  false  charges  made  in  "The  Hunan  Tracts" 
is  as  follows  .  "  Western  kings  have  cast  longing 
eyes  toward  the  Chinese  Empire ;  in  order  to 
gain  possession  of  it  they  have  brought  opium 
to  drain  China  of  its  silver  and  to  destroy  the 
lives  of  its  people.  But  the  mainstay  of  these 
western  kings  is  the  missionaries,  whom  they 
palm  off  as  doing  good ;  who  win  the  peoples' 
affections  by  small  charities,  while  in  their  hearts 
they  are  full  of  fiendish  wickedness.  What  they 
desire  to  obtain  is  traitors  within  the  camp,  then 
they  from  outside  can  easily  take  the  country." 

These  "  Hunan  Tracts  "  were  the  work  of  a 
Tao  T'ai,  an  important  provincial  official.  The 
masses  of  the  people  of  China  are  densely  igno- 
rant and  steeped  in  superstition.  The  official 
and  literary  classes  have  played  on  this  supersti- 
tion to  foster  the  natural  fear  and  distrust  of  for- 
eigners. The  central  government  of  China  has 
never  intended  to  enforce  the  treaties  which  it 


8  STIRRING    FACTS 

has  most  unwillingly  negotiated.  Proclamations 
and  edicts  favorable  to  foreigners  have  for  the 
most  part  been  forced,  and  both  officials  and 
people  have  known  that  these  do  not  represent 
the  true  desires  of  the  Government.  Had  a 
more  honorable  course  been  pursued  by  those 
in  authority  in  China,  the  anti-foreign  feeling  of 
the  people  might  easily  have  passed  away.  It 
seems  certain  that  the  present  outbreak  was  the 
result  of  a  deliberate  purpose  on  the  part  of  the 
Chinese  Government  to  drive  out  all  foreigners 
and  to  destroy  the  Christians.  The  fiction  of  a 
rebellion  under  Tuan  is  now  appearing  in  its 
true  light.  It  was  nothing  more  than  an  attempt 
to  gain  time  and  to  confuse  foreign  nations.  The 
wise  policy  of  our  President  and  Secretary  of 
State  had  much  to  do  in  rendering  this  too  clever 
plan  abortive.  The  people  of  China  are  easily 
governed.  They  are  naturally  patient  and  hos- 
pitable. When  belated  or  overtaken  by  the 
storm  I  have  often  secured  room  and  food  for 
the  night  in  strange  villages.  In  one  instance, 
when  in  the  darkness  and  rain  we  had  lost  our 
way,  we  were  taken  in  and  a  meal  prepared  for 
us  long  after  the  entire  village  had  gone  to  sleep. 
Dr.  Griffith  John,  after  forty-five  years'  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Chinese,  says  in  the  Missionary 
Review :  "  In  China  the  eyes  of  the  people  are 
on  the  officials,  and  their  conduct  toward  us  de- 
pends upon  what  they  suppose  to  be  the  mind 
and  policy  of  the  officials  in  regard  to  us." 
Against  this  mountain  of  icy  exclusiveness  has 
the  missionary  pitched  his  tent  and  already  won 
many  victories. 
It  is  now  ( 1900)  only  about  thirty-five  years  since 


STIRRING    FACTS  9 

the  missionaries  could  leave  the  ports  and  pene- 
trate the  interior  of  the  country,  but  during  this 
time  they  have  gone  to  every  part  of  the  empire 
preaching  and  healing,  selling  and  giving  away 
books  and  tracts,  and  living  lives  in  which  the 
people  could  not  but  see  a  new  and  strange  power 
— the  power  of  love.  Missionary  doctors  have 
treated  millions  of  cases,  have  restored  sight  to 
unnumbered  blind,  caused  the  lame  to  walk  and 
,in  some  cases  the  deaf  to  hear.  Surgery  is  un- 
known to  Chinese  medical  science,  and  the  ope- 
ration for  cataract,  which  consists  in  slightly  cut- 
ting the  cornea  and  removing  from  the  eye  the 
crystalline  lens  which  has  become  hard  and 
opaque,  is  to  the  Chinese  little  short  of  miracu- 
lous. Antiseptic  treatment  of  wounds  and 
sores  is  unknown.  The  common  method  of 
treating  a  boil  is  carefully  to  seal  up  all  the 
poisonous  material,  and  in  some  cases  this 
process  is  continued  till  the  whole  affected  part 
sloughs  off.  I  recall  a  young  man  whose  right 
arm  had  been  ruined  by  a  series  of  ulcers  treated 
in  this  way.  The  first  came  near  the  shoulder, 
and  being  carefully  sealed  up  broke  out  below. 
This  was  repeated  three  or  four  times,  until  the 
poor  fellow's  arm  had  literally  rotted  and  dried 
away.  Last  year  (1899)  the  missionary  physi- 
cians of  our  Presbyterian  Church  alone  treated 
in  Cnina  143,491  patients,  and  in  the  whole 
world  over  350,000,  and  ours  is  but  one  of  many 
societies.  The  statistical  report  presented  to  the 
Ecumenical  Conference  by  Dr.  Dennis  shows^ 
that  in  China  there  were  124  mission  hospitals 
and  240  dispensaries  ;  that  in  these  over  1,700,000 
treatments  were  given  ;  and  that  in  the  355  hos- 


lO  STIRRING    FACTS 

pitals  and  753  dispensaries,  scattered  in  various 
mission  lands,  there  were  6,647,840  treatments. 
Do  you  wonder  that  prejudice  breaks  down  be- 
fore this  work,  and  that  many  seek  and  find  the 
Saviour  as  the  direct  result  of  treatment  ?  As  I 
go  about  the  country  I  hear  many  times  one 
man  or  woman  saying  to  another :  "  He  belongs 
to  the  '  Jesus  Church.'  They  have  a  dispensary 
at  Chi  Nan  Fu  where  no  money  is  asked  for 
treatment.  So-and-so  went  there  and  was  cured. 
They  are  good  people."  I  gave  a  dose  of  qui- 
nine to  a  malaria-racked  woman,  and  more  than 
once  during  the  next  year  or  two,  when  passing 
through  her  town,  heard  some  one  say :  "  He  is 
the  man  who  cured  Mrs.  So-and-so's  malaria — 
that  was  good  medicine."  Many  officials  who 
care  nothing  for  the  religion  which  the  mission- 
aries preach  are  influenced  by  the  medical  treat- 
ment received  at  the  hands  of  our  physicians. 
Li  Hung  Chang  is  said  to  have  remarked  that 
"  had  none  but  medical  missionaries  come  to 
China,  no  riots  would  have  occurred."  This  is 
not  true,  but  it  shows  the  estimate  in  which  our 
medical  work  is  held. 

Another  agency  which  has  broken  down  preju- 
dice is  the  press.  The  beginning  of  this  work 
goes  back  to  1833  when  Dr.  Williams  began  to 
print  Christian  literature  in  Chinese.  The 
greatest  missionary  press  in  the  world  is  located 
in  China  at  Shanghai,  and  belongs  to  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  In  1891  "The  Presbyterian 
Mission  Press  "  "  had  over  seven  hundred  publi- 
cations in  Chinese  on  its  catalogue,"  and  issued 
"615,450  volumes,  representing  a  total  of  over 
41,000,000    pages."    In    189S   over    21    tons    of 


STIRRING    FACTS  II 

paper  were  used  by  this  establishment,  and  for 
1899  the  issue  reached  over  67,000,000  pages. 
Besides  this  great  mission  press  at  Shanghai, 
there  are,  large  and  small,  22  others  in  China, 
and  the  grand  total  of  107,149,738  pages  is  the 
record  of  their  output  for  the  year  reported  to 
the  Ecumenical  Conference.  There  are  32  peri- 
odicals, with  a  circulation  of  27,270  copies.  The 
Bible  is  printed  in  24  dialects  for  the  people  of 
China. 

This  enormous  amount  of  Christian  literature 
is  carried  by  the  missionaries  to  all  parts — one 
may  almost  say  to  every  village — of  the  great 
empire.  The  following  is  an  instance  of  the  re- 
sults of  this  dissemination  of  literature :  Mr. 
T'eng  Sheng  Lin  is  an  old,  white-haired  man 
who,  for  the  past  ten  years,  has  witnessed  for 
Christ  in  his  native  village.  He  has  been  re- 
viled and  threatened.  One  of  the  most  serious 
threats  was  that  unless  he  renounced  his  new 
faith  no  one  of  the  villagers  would  assist  in 
burying  him — or  in  the  coarse  language  of  the 
threat,  "  He  might  He  on  his  k'ang  (earth-bed) 
and  rot  there  before  they  would  bury  him."  None 
of  these  things  moved  him.  His  first  knowledge 
of  Christian  truth  came  from  a  Gospel  of  Matthew 
bought  at  a  market.  He  took  this  book  home 
and  read  it.  He  committed  to  memory  the  Ser- 
mon on  the  Mount.  All  this  was  before  he  had 
ever  had  speech  with  a  Christian.  When,  later  on, 
opportunity  came,  he  brought  his  own  grain  for 
food  and  lived  at  the  house  of  the  missionary  for 
some  weeks,  studying.  That  Gospel  of  Matthew 
was  the  seed  which  fell  upon  good  ground. 
In  many  of  the    more  important  centers  book 


12  STIRRING    FACTS 

depots  are  opened.  In  these  are  sold  at  cost — • 
or  nearly  so — complete  Bibles,  Old  Testaments 
and  New  Testaments,  Bible  portions,  commenta- 
ries and  aids  to  Bible  study,  translations  of  re- 
ligious works,  such  as  Pilgrim's  Progress  ;  a  large 
number  of  original  works  in  Chinese,  written  to 
meet  certain  peculiar  conditions  of  thought,  be- 
sides scientific  works — astronomy,  physics,  geol- 
ogy, physiology,  for  example — translated  from 
the  best  European  and  American  sources.  Men 
buy  these,  and  in  the  quiet  of  their  own  homes 
read  out  of  their  minds  the  foolish  prejudice 
against  foreigners,  born  almost  always  of  igno- 
rance. 

In  many  places  museums  have  been  estab- 
lished in  connection  with  the  missions.  These 
contain  models  of  machinery,  of  houses,  churches, 
and  ships ;  electric  motors,  and  machines  of 
various  kinds  run  by  them,  with  small  electric 
light  plants ;  farming  implements  of  foreign 
styles,  with  samples  of  grains.  To  such  things 
are  added  pictures,  curiosities,  with  mounted 
specimens  of  local  birds  and  animals.  These 
museums  attract  vast  numbers  of  people,  who 
learn,  perhaps  for  the  first  time,  that  lightning 
and  thunder,  day  and  night,  and  eclipses  of  sun 
and  moon,  are  due  to  natural  causes.  Imagine 
the  surprise  and  gratification  of  a  man  who 
knows  nothing  of  electric  science  when  for  the 
first  time  he  carries  on  a  conversation  over  the 
telephone.  In  their  trips  throughout  the  country 
many  missionaries  carry  a  few  simple  pieces  of 
apparatus  and  perhaps  a  globe,  and  explain  to 
those  who  have  never  heard  such  things  some  of 
the  more  manifest  phenomena  of  nature.     These 


STIRRING    FACTS  I3 

most  useful  adjuncts  of  mission  work  have  been 
provided  for  apart  from  tiie  regular  contributions 
of  the  Church.  Of  the  museum  opened  at  the 
missionary  station  of  Chefoo,  Dr.  Hunter  Corbett 
writes :  "  The  first  year  we  opened  this  place 
71,500  visitors  were  received.  Everyone  heard 
the  gospel  preached,  and  received  tracts  and 
books  to  take  home.  We  have  had  visits  from 
officials  and  rich  men,  also  from  women  and  chil- 
dren, people  whom  we  could  not  reach  before 
opening  the  museum.  We  have  now  some  earnest 
Christian  workers  who  were  brought  to  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  truth  through  this  work." 

The  influence  of  the  missionaries  has  been 
greatly  felt  in  the  work  of  education.  The 
schools  have  affected  great  numbers  besides 
those  directly  enrolled  as  pupils.  Much  general 
knowledge  has  been  widely  diffused  both  di- 
rectly and  indirectly.  The  Chinese  estimate  of 
education  is  exceedingly  high,  and  the  promi- 
nence of  educational  work  has  helped  to  break 
down  prejudice  against  the  Church.  Some  sta- 
tistics taken  from  the  Ecumenical  Conference 
report  follow : — 

Universities  or  Colleges, I2with  1,814 pupils. 

Theological  and  Training  Schools,    .    .    .•66    "    1,315     " 
Boarding,  High  Schools, and  Seminaries,  .  166    "    6,393     " 

Industrial  Training  Institutes, 7"        ^9^     " 

Medical  Schools  or  classes, 30    "        251     " 

This  gives  a  total  of  9,964  pupils  in  these  ad- 
vanced schools.  Besides  these  there  are  many 
thousands  of  pupils  in  the  primary  or  day 
schools. 

By  no  means  the  least  of  the  influences  tend- 
ing to  break  down  the  Chinese  prejudice  against 


14  Stirring   facts 

foreigners,  is  the  character  of  tlie  men  and  women 
who  have  gone  to  China  as  missionaries.  The 
Chinese  assign  but  two  grand  motives  for  the 
actions  of  men — gain  and  glory — "  h  "  and 
"  ming."  The  missionary  goes  to  China  neither 
to  get  rich  nor  to  secure  fame.  Fortunate  is  it  for 
him  that  he  has  another  motive,  and  it  is  the  out- 
working of  this  motive  in  deeds  which  gives  weight 
to  his  words.  Some  people  seem  to  conceive  the 
missionary  as  a  never-resting  talking  machine. 
But  while  it  is  true  that  he  does  an  immense  deal 
of  speaking,  both  public  and  private,  yet  it  is 
equally  true  that  he  has  time  left  for  a  great  deal 
of  living.  One  of  our  ladies  walked  out  for  ex- 
ercise one  evening  and,  passing  near  the  suburb 
wall,  saw  a  man  lying  on  some  straw  with  noth- 
ing to  shelter  him  from  the  coming  storm  but  an 
old  piece  of  matting.  He  was  attended  by  his 
sister,  a  serving  woman  from  some  wealthy 
home.  She  had  given  up  her  position  to  nurse 
him  through  his  illness  in  a  hired  room  in  the 
city ;  his  money  gone,  he  had  been  placed  on  a 
wheelbarrow  by  his  late  landlord  and  trundled 
off  to  die.  This  should  not  be  taken  as  prima 
facie  evidence  of  superior  brutality  since,  ac- 
cording to  Chin&se  custom,  if  the  man  died  on  his 
place  without  means  of  burial  the  landlord  would 
probably  be  obliged  to  bear  this  expense  and 
might  be  even  further  "  squeezed "  by  unscru- 
pulous police  or  "  yamen "  officers  who  might 
charge  him  with  murder,  in  order  to  procure 
more  money.  By  the  time  the  matter  was  re- 
ported to  the  mission  communit)',  the  rain  was 
falling,  but  it  was  not  long  until  one  of  the  gen- 
tlemen had  sent  for  the  local  police  officer  and 


STIRRING    FACTS  I5 

had  directed  him  to  carry  the  poor  man  to  the 
hospital.  The  calling;  of  the  officer  was  to  avoid 
possible  suspicion  ot  foul  play,  in  case  the  man 
died  on  our  hands.  At  the  hospital  a  room  was 
given  the  outcasts,  and  food  and  such  medicine  as 
the  case  required  were  provided.  The  man  lived 
through  the  night,  and  after  the  end  had  come 
was  given  burial  by  the  missionaries,  and  his 
sister  sent  on  her  way  to  friends  with  a  small  gift 
of  money.  This  is  perhaps  a  small  matter.  But 
in  a  land  where  charitably  disposed  natives 
would  be  restrained  by  fear  of  probable  evil 
consequences  such  action  on  the  part  of  foreign- 
ers cannot  but  excite  favorable  comment.  Oppor- 
tunity for  helping  the  needy  is  in  China  literally 
without  limit.  In  view  of  the  numerous  attacks 
on  the  character  and  devotion  of  missionaries  in 
the  daily  press,  it  seems  no  breach  of  delicacy 
for  me  to  say  that  the  men  and  women  whom 
our  Board  sends  abroad  are  a  picked  band, 
physically,  mentally,  and  morally.  Young  men 
and  women  desiring  appointment  must  furnish 
physician's  certificate  to  soundness  of  health, 
as  well  as  recommendations  from  teachers  and 
pastors.  Many  who  apply  are  turned  away  and 
it  is  very  seldom  indeed  that  one  whom  the  Board 
has  appointed  proves  himself  unfit  for  the  work. 
Missionaries  are  by  no  means  perfect,  but  they 
have  high  ideals  and  noble  purposes.  God  puts 
the  seal  of  his  approval  upon  their  work.  It  is 
an  honor  to  belong  to  this  body  of  men  and 
women.  No  lover  of  the  missionary  cause  has 
reason  to  be  ashamed  of  those  who  go  to  foreign 
lands. 

I  wish  to  quote  the  testimony  of  three  officials 


I 6  STIRRING    FACTS 

— British,  American,  and  Chinese — to  the  work 
and  character  of  Protestant  missionaries  in  China. 
Mr.  J.  Dyer  Ball,  M.  R.  A.  S.,  of  II.  B.  M.  Civil 
Service,  Hong  Kong,  author  of  various  works  on 
the  Chinese  language,  says  in  Things  Chinese : 
"  Had  Protestant  missionaries  done  nothing  else 
in  China  than  (to  have)  prepared  and  published 
the  books  issued  by  them  in  Chinese ;  started 
the  schools  ;  written  the  books  in  English,  con- 
taining the  narratives  of  their  own  travels  and 
accounts  of  the  natives  and  of  their  religious 
customs  and  manners ;  translated  nativ^e  works ; 
instructed  the  youth  of  both  sexes,  and  founded 
hospitals  and  dispensaries — had  these,  we  say, 
been  the  only  things  accomplished  by  Protestant 
missionaries,  they  would  haye  done  a  noble  work  ; 
but  added  to  these  more  secular  labors  is  the  di- 
rectly religious  work  of  preaching  the  gospel, 
tract  and  Bible  distribution,  visiting,  gathering 
together  the  converts,  etc.,  all  of  which,  though 
less  appreciated  by  the  general  mercantile  com- 
munity of  China,  has  been  as  signally  success- 
ful as  the  other  class  of  undertakings." 

The  second  testimony  is  that  of  an  American — 
Colonel  Charles  Denby,  who  was  for  many  years 
the  honored  representative  of  the  United  States 
at  Peking.  At  a  dinner  in  the  Chinese  capital 
he  acknowledged  that  he  had  come  to  China 
prejudiced  against  the  missionaries  and  their 
work,  and  affirmed  that  his  changed  views  were 
based  upon  his  personal  observations  in  various 
mission  stations.  In  a  dispatch  bearing  date 
March  22,  1895,  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  he  said  :  "  I  think  that  no  one  can  contro- 
vert the  patent  fact  that  the  Chinese  are  enor- 


StlRRlNG    FACTS  1 7 

mously  benefited  by  the  labors  of  the  mission- 
aries in  their  midst.  I  can  and  do  say  that  the 
missionaries  in  China  are  self-sacrificing ;  that 
their  lives  are  pure ;  that  they  are  devoted  to 
their  work ;  that  the  arts  and  sciences  and  civil- 
ization are  greatly  spread  by  their  efforts  ;  that 
they  are  the  leaders  in  all  charitable  work ;  that 
they  do  make  converts,  and  such  converts  as  are 
mentally  benefited  by  conversion." 

The  other  is  the  opinion  of  a  Chinese  Prefect. 
On  July  4,  1895,  the  Prefect  of  Nanking  issued 
a  proclamation  in  which  the  following  passages 
occur :  "  The  Prefect,  with  the  Magistrate  of  the 
provincial  capital,  has  personally  visited  each 
church  and  commanded  the  Magistrate  of  out- 
side districts  to  visit  personally  each  mission  sta- 
tion and  talk  with  the  missionaries.  We  have 
personally  inspected  the  hospitals,  schoolhouses, 
etc.  They  are  for  good  purposes,  established 
with  a  sincere  desire  to  save  men.  Though  there 
are  Chinese  who  take  pleasure  in  doing  good, 
there  are  none  that  excel  these  missionaries.  Let 
none  of  you  invent  false  reports." 

The  simple  kindliness  of  their  lives  does  more, 
perhaps,  to  destroy  prejudice  and  establish  friend- 
ship than  all  that  the  missionaries  preach,  and 
what  Dr.  Williams  said  many  years  ago  as  to  the 
effect  of  this  upon  the  Chinese  is  as  true  to-day 
as  then.  He  wrote :  "  It  was  soon  ascertained 
that  the  hatred  and  contempt  of  foreigners,  which 
were  supposed  to  dwell  in  the  minds  of  all  Chi- 
nese, needed  only  to  be  met  with  kindness  and 
patient  teaching  to  give  place  to  respect  and  con- 
fidence." 

These  and  other  agencies  have  broken  down 
2 


1 8  STIRRING     FACTS 

doubt,  fear,  and  prejudice,  till  now  very  many 
people  are  ready  to  listen,  and  listen  sympatheti- 
cally, to  the  story  of  God's  love;  and  very  many 
acknowledge  that  the  doctrines  and  practice  of 
the  Church  are  good,  who  as  yet  know  the  truth 
but  superficially.  This  is  the  first  great  fact 
which  I  wish  you  to  bear  in  mind  for  your  en- 
couragement and  stimulation  in  this  work, 
namely,  that  all  through  the  empire  prejudice  is 
breaking  down. 

The  second  fact  is  that  the  number  of  workers 
coining  to  China  frojn  Christian  countries  is 
rapidly  increasing. 

It  is  but  ninety-three  years  since,  in  1807, 
Robert  Morrison,  the  pioneer  Protestant  mis- 
sionary, landed  at  Canton.  God  uses  wonder- 
fully insignificant  means  to  further  his  purposes. 
Morrison's  attention  was  turned  to  China  by  a 
Chinese  manuscript  which  he  saw  in  the  British 
Museum.  When  he  was  prepared  to  go,  a  way 
was  found,  even  though  the  East  India  Com- 
pany refused  him  transportation,  as  it  had  earlier 
refused  to  take  Carey  to  India.  We  may  be 
proud  of  the  fact  that  it  was  an  American  firm 
through  which  he  secured  passage,  and  that  it 
was  first  in  an  American  warehouse  at  Canton 
that  he  studied  the  language.  His  Chinese 
teacher  feared  for  his  life  if  it  should  become 
known  to  the  local  officials  that  he  was  instruct- 
ing a  foreign  barbarian,  and  hence  carried 
poison  with  him  that  he  might  anticipate  the 
executioner  if  he  were  caught.  The  Chinese 
have  a  horror  of  mutilation,  and  suicide  is  con- 
sidered virtuous  in  the  certain  prospect  of  death 
by  decapitation.     The  Emperor  sometimes  takes 


STIRRING     FACTS  I 9 

mercy  on  a  Ini^h  official,  whose  death  has  been 
determined,  and  manifests  his  clemency  by  pre- 
senting him  with  a  silken  scarf  with  which  to 
hang  himself  In  1809  Morrison's  right  to  re- 
main in  China  was  secured  by  his  appointment 
as  translator  to  the  East  India  Company.  The 
opportunity  thus  afforded  bore  fruit.  In  18 14 
he  completed  the  translation  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment. This  was  a  stupendous  work.  Imagine 
yourself  almost  bare-handed  attacking  a  strange 
and  difficult  language,  and  within  seven  y6ars 
completing  such  a  translation  !  Of  his  work  in 
lexicography  another  has  said :  "  There  is  no 
finer  monument  of  human  perseverance  than  the 
dictionary  of  Dr.  Morrison."  During  these  years 
he  w^as  alone.  In  1813  came  the  first  recruit, 
Milne,  followed  in  18 16  by  Medhurst — names 
ever  to  be  honored.  But  these  two  soon  retiring 
from  China  proper  worked  among  colonies  of 
Chinese  in  neighboring  settlements.  For  twenty 
years  Morrison  was  the  only  missionary  on  Chi- 
nese soil.  The  secret  of  his  patience  is  given  in 
his  answer  to  the  question  which  some  one  asked 
him :  "  Do  you  think  you  can  do  anything  for 
China  ?"  His  reply  was  :  "  No  ;  but  I  think  that 
God  can."  It  was  1 829  when  the  American  Board 
Missionaries,  Bridgman  and  Abeel,  joined  this 
intrepid  advance  scout  of  the  Christian  army. 
In  1833  S.  Wells  Williams  came  to  begin  the 
printing  of  Christian  literature.  During  this 
period  fonts  of  movable  Chinese  type  were  pre- 
pared. In  1835  Dr.  Peter  Parker  opened  the  first 
mission  hospital  in  China.  During  the  thirties 
other  devoted  men  and  women  had  come  and 
begun  to   preach  to  the  Chinese    at    Bangkok 


'20  STFRRINC     FACTS 

and  Singapore.  These  advance  agents  had  been 
preparing  for  the  year  1842,  in  which  the  treaty 
ports  were  opened  and  tlie  Emperor  re\'oked 
edicts  against  Christianity,  in  force  since  1724 
when  the  Jesuits  had  been  banished.  Thus  for- 
eigners were  given  a  legal  status  in  China,  and 
it  was  no  longer  a  crime  for  Chinese  to  believe 
on  Christ.  This  year  marks  the  beginning  of 
organized  missionary  effort  in  China.  The  little 
vanguard  of  about  twenty,  which  had  been  wait- 
ing at  Canton  and  in  the  adjacent  colonies, 
pushed  forward  to  occupy  the  newly  opened 
treaty  ports.  From  that  time  to  the  present  the 
number  of  workers  on  the  field  has  constantly 
and  grandly  increased.  Many  have  laid  down  their 
lives  in  that  strange  land,  and  many  have  re- 
turned to  their  home  lands  broken  in  health,  but 
the  number  of  those  actually  carrying  on  the 
work  has  multiplied  many  fold.  In  1847,  five 
years  after  the  opening  of  treaty  ports  and  forty 
years  from  the  date  of  Morrison's  landing,  there 
were  112  missionaries.  In  1858  there  were  214, 
or  almost  twice  as  many  as  before.  Twenty 
years  more  pass  and  the  force  of  foreign  Chris- 
tian workers  was  473,  and  had  again  more  than 
doubled. 

We  come  now  to  a  period  of  even  more  rapic^ 
growth.  In  1877  there  were  473  missionaries; 
in  1890  there  were  1,200.  This  was  an  average 
increase  of  56  for  each  of  these  thirteen  years.  A 
great  missionary  conference  was  held  at  Shanghai 
in  1890.  There  were  475  delegates  in  attendance. 
People  of  all  denominations  gathered  to  discuss 
methods  and  plans  and  to  pray  for  the  kingdom 
of  God  in  China.     After  much  prayer  and  con- 


STIRRING    FACTS  21 

ferencc  it  was  determined  to  issue  a  call  to  the 
Church  in  countries  nominally  Christian  for 
1 ,000  new  missionaries  to  be  sent  to  China  within 
five  years.  The  call  was  issued  and  then  they 
went  back  to  their  work.  Some  doubted  ;  others 
believed  and  prayed.  God  heard  the  prayers 
and  gave  the  i  ,000  in  less  than  five  years.  I  was 
one  of  that  i  ,000,  and  I  rejoice  that  I  was.  Since 
that  time  within  these  past  four  or  five  years, 
hundreds  more  have  come,  till  now  the  grand 
total  of  Protestant  missionaries,  including  those 
under  appointment  is  nearly,  if  not  quite,  3,000. 
In  other  words,  there  are  in  China  to-day  almost 
as  many  foreign  missionaries  as  there  were  Chi- 
nese converts  thirty- three  years  ago,  and  for  the 
last  decade  the  average  growth  of  the  missionary 
body  has  been  over  1 50  per  year. 

Let  us  give  glory  to  God.  But  let  us  also 
allow  these  great  things  to  spur  us  on  to 
more  perfect  discipleship,  to  more  strenuous 
efforts.  For  what  are  these  among  so  many? 
For  every  person  in  the  United  States  China  has 
five  or  six.  Parishes  of  individual  missionaries 
contain  from  500,000  to  i  ,000,000  people.  There 
are  millions  to  whom  God's  love  is  as  unknown 
to-day  as  it  was  to  their  ancestors  of  one  hun- 
dred years  ago.  The  voice  of  these  Christless 
millions  is  as  the  voice  of  God  calling  to  us  who 
have  both  seen  and  heard. 

A  third  fact  is  the  increasing  number  and  con- 
secrated character  of  our  Cldnese  evangelists  and 
pastors. 

Our  Presbyterian  Church  has  nearly  600  of 
these  men  and  women,  and  there  are  in  all  the 
missions  probably  not  less  than  5,000,  and  in  all 


22  STIRRING    FACTS 

the  world  40,000  or  50,000.  Ten  years  ago  Chi 
Nan  V\\  had  but  two  and  now  we  have  sixteen, 
and  in  other  stations  their  number  and  efficiency 
have  greatly  increased.  These  men  are  carrying 
the  gospel  leaven  from  village  to  x'illage,  from 
house  to  house,  and  from  man  to  man,  through- 
out the  length  and  breadth  of  that  great  empire, 
I  have  been  associated  with  eight  evangelists  in 
my  district  at  Chi  Nan  Fu,  and  some  of  them  are 
as  noble,  consecrated  spirits  as  I  have  ever 
known.  I  rejoice  that  they  count  me  their 
friend  and  that  I  have  been  privileged  to  work 
with  them  these  years.  One  of  them,  my  well- 
beloved  friend  Lu  Ping,  is  sixty-three  years  of 
age,  and  is  as  vigorous  as  most  men  of  forty-fi\'e. 
He  was  converted,  and  thoroughly  converted,  at 
the  age  of  thirty-six.  At  that  time  he  was  abso- 
lutely illiterate.  He  can  now  read  the  New 
Testament,  large  portions  of  which  he  has  com- 
mitted to  memory,  and  is  a  most  efficient  evan- 
gelist. I  received  a  letter  from  him  last  spring, 
telling  that  over  thirty  new  inquirers  from  the 
district  northeast  of  our  station  had  been 
brought  in  for  instruction  directly  in  the  face  of 
the  "  Boxer"  persecution  of  the  past  year.  He 
has  been  preaching  now  for  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  and  has  been  the  means  of  bringing  to 
Christ  all  his  own  and  his  brother's  family,  in- 
cluding their  old  mother  who  was  born  about 
the  time  Morrison  landed  in  Canton.  Besides 
this  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  developing  the 
church  in  his  native  village,  which  numbers  now 
about  sixty  members;  and  also  another  organiza- 
tion, twenty  miles  to  the  east,  where,  within  the 
past  four  years,  a    new  church  of  about    sixty 


STIRRINC;     FACTS  ^3 

members  has  come  into  existence.  He  is  a  true 
successor  of  Peter  and  John,  for  he,  too,  cannot 
but  speak  the  thini^s  which  he  has  seen  and 
heard,  and  whether  at  home  or  abroad  he  daily- 
proclaims  the  good  news  of  salvation  from  sin 
through  fiiith  in  our  Lord  Jesus. 

These  men  are  prepared  for  their  work  first 
and  most  essentially  by  their  thorough  conver- 
sion. It  is  the  aim  of  the  missionary  to  use  no 
evangelists  who  do  not  show  themselves  called 
of  God  before  they  receive  the  call  from  men. 
More  than  once  I  have  been  asked  to  employ 
this  one  or  that  as  a  preacher  and  have  refused, 
since  the  man  showed  no  great  interest  in  the 
salvation  of  those  about  him.  In  som'e  cases 
the  man  has  had  plenty  of  the  "  gift  of  gab  "  and 
sufficient  information  to  go  on  talking  by  the  hour 
or  day.  But  that  is  not  what  is  wanted.  To  be 
an  acceptable  preacher  in  China — and  where  on 
earth  is  it  otherwise  ? — a  man  must  have  gone 
through  deep  personal  experiences  of  repentance 
from  sin ;  he  must  feel  deeply  the  infinite  mercy 
of  God  in  being  willing  to  save  him  and  to  save 
others ;  he  must  have  the  enthusiasm  born  of 
a  conviction  that  the  message  committed  to  him  is 
the  only  exceedingly  important  affair  about  which 
men  need  concern  themselves ;  he  must  have 
the  patience  which  springs  from  a  heart  brought 
to  a  white  heat  of  love  by  the  indwelling  of  God's 
Spirit,  and  he  must  possess  the  courage  of  those 
who  know  that  their  cause  shall  certainly  tri- 
umph, because  it  is  the  cause  of  God,  If  to 
these  be  added  the  wisdom  which  is  from  above, 
the  candidate  would  be  acceptable  to  any  mis- 
sion.    The  Chinese  evangelists  have  their  faults, 


24  STIRRING    FACTS 

but  very  many  of  them  have  the  qualities  of 
mind  and  heart  which  make  them  <(reat  men 
even  though  their  lives  are  spent  amidst  the  dirt 
and  confusion  of  inns,  or  on  the  road,  or  in  the 
humble  homes  of  their  poor  countrymen.  These 
men  are  further  trained  for  their  work  by  the 
missionary  in  institutes  for  Bible  study,  or  station 
classes  as  they  are  called.  In  these  we  all 
gather  at  one  place,  and  spend  from  two  weeks 
to  a  month  in  daily  study.  Not  only  Bible  work, 
but  instruction  in  modern  science,  geography, 
physics,  physiology,  astronomy,  and  other  things, 
is  given  them  by  the  missionary.  This  teaching 
is  strictly  practical,  and  is  aimed  to  better  fit 
them  for  their  work  among  the  people.  That 
it  does  so  is  abundantly  evidenced  ;  nor  is  this 
strange  among  a  people  many  of  whose  scholars 
and  wise  men  still  believe  that  the  earth  is  flat. 

Besides  these  less  educated  men  there  is  an 
ever  increasing  body  of  those  thoroughly  trained 
in  the  Christian  schools  and  colleges.  To  these 
are  open  many  lucrative  positions  in  government 
work  and  private  business.  Many  of  those  edu- 
cated in  mission  schools  are  living  Christian  lives 
in  such  positions.  Many  others  have  taken  the 
very  much  lower  salary  offered  them  by  the  mis- 
sions or  by  financially  independent  Chinese 
churches,  and  are  spending  their  lives  in  preach- 
ing and  teaching  the  truths  of  the  Christian  re- 
ligion. 

In  these  men — the  Chinese  evangelists  and 
pastors — the  hope  for  Christianizing  the  empire 
centers.  "  In  heathen  countries  the  successful 
evangelists  of  the  future  will  be  men  who  come 
from  the  people — men  even  who  cannot  read  and 


STIRRING    FACTS  2^ 

"vvrite,"  said  Bishop  Thoburn  at  the  Ecumenical 
Conference.  They  can  do  what  no  foreigner  is 
able  to  accomplish.  They  arc  suited  to  the  work 
in  every  way.  This  method  of  employing  native 
agents  commends  itself  to  all  but  the  merest 
handful  of  those  in  charge  of  the  work.  One 
ordained  missionary  may  have  oversight  and  di- 
rection of  five  or  ten  or  twenty  of  these  men. 
They  speak  their  own  language,  understand  the 
situation  of  the  people  to  whom  they  speak,  and 
can  adapt  the  truth  to  the  capacity  of  their  hear- 
ers as  no  outsider  can  hope  to  do.  They  have 
themselves  believed  the  same  things  that  are  held 
true  by  their  hearers,  and  can  relate  the  process  by 
which  they  have  reached  their  new  faith.  On  the 
other  hand,  their  hearers'  attention  is  not  diverted 
from  the  message  to  the  messenger,  as  seems  too 
often  the  case  when  the  foreigner  speaks.  The 
Chinese  evangelist  speaks  to  his  Chinese  audi- 
ence with  no  wall  of  fear  or  prejudice  obstruct- 
ing his  access  to  them.  These  men  visit  the 
fairs  or  markets,  spread  their  Christian  books 
and  tracts  in  the  view  of  the  people,  and  preach 
to  those  who  gather  about.  They  notice,  per- 
haps, that  some  one  is  paying  especial  attention, 
or  that  he  has  been  coming  to  hear  them  repeat- 
edly. When  the  end  of  the  talk  is  reached 
they  may  ask  the  name  and  village  of  such  an 
one,  and  inquire  whether  he  is  willing  to  receive 
them  at  his  house.  If  he  gives  them  a  genuine 
invitation  to  come,  they  go  to  the  village  and 
call  at  his  home.  Some  of  the  neighbors  come 
in,  and  opportunity  for  preaching  or  discussion 
is  afforded.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important 
advantages  the  native  has  over  the  foreigner.     He 


26  STIRRING    FACTS 

can,  SO  to  speak,  "  play  "  his  fish  and  deHcately 
lead  him  to  the  shallows.  He  can  read  the  mind 
of  the  possible  incpiircr  by  signs  which  would 
wholly  escape  the  untrained  foreign  eye. 

These  evangelists  work  for  from  two  to  five  dol- 
lars a  month.  They  carry  their  own  bedding,  eat 
poor  food,  walk  all  day,  and  then  preach  half  the 
night,  or  preach  all  day  and  continue  in  conver- 
sation until  midnight ;  endure  cold  and  heat,  rain 
and  wind  and  dust ;  are  reviled,  contemned,  and 
persecuted — sometimes  even  to  physical  beating. 
The  crowns  of  many  of  them  will  glow  with 
countless  gems  in  the  kingdom  to  which  they 
go,  for  they  have  turned  many,  very  many,  to 
righteousness.  They  are  true  successors  of  the 
prophets  and  apostles,  and  of  the  glorious  com- 
pany of  martyrs  who  in  every  land  have  pro- 
claimed salvation  to  the  lost.  Let  us  all  join 
with  these  men  in  prayer  and  effort  for  China's 
salvation. 

A  fourth  fact  is  that  the  Church  in  China  is 
groiving  in  an  almost  geometrical  ratio. 

Morrison  landed  in  1807 — ninety-three  years 
ago.  He  baptized  his  first  convert  in  18 14.  At 
this  time  he  was  not  allowed  to  preach  openly. 
From  1 8 14  to  1842  about  one  hundred  baptisms 
occurred.  Two  years  before  his  death  this  apos- 
tle to  the  Chinese  wrote :  "  I  have  been  in  China 
twenty-five  years,  and  am  beginning  to  see  the 
work  prosper."  Those  were  the  days  of  small 
things  physically,  but  of  mountain-moving  faith 
and  indomitable  courage.  I  have  received  about 
twice  as  many  new  members  during  the  two 
years  past  as  were  baptized  in  all  China  during 
the  first  thirty-five  years  of  missionary  work,  and 


STIRRING    FACTS  2j 

there  are  many  who  have  received  a  far  greater 
blessing.  At  the  ii\\(\.  of  this  first  period  not 
more  than  ten  names  were  on  the  roll — some 
authorities  say  six  only.  In  1853,  or  ten  years 
after  the  opening  of  the  treaty  ports,  there  were 
350  members.  In  1857  there  were  500  enrolled. 
That  was  forty-three  years  ago.  There  are  now 
as  many  names  upon  the  books  of  our  station 
at  Chi  Nan  Fu  as  comprised  the  whole  Protest- 
ant Chinese  Church  at  that  time.  Ten  years 
more  passed,  and  before  1867  that  500  had  been 
multiplied  to  3,000.  Another  decade  was  marked 
by  an  addition  of  over  10,000  names,  which 
brought  the  total  to  13,515  in  1877. 

In  1886  there  were  28,000  and  in  1889  there 
were  37,287  members.  The  membership  in  1893 
was  55,093,  and  during  these  past  six  years 
almost  50,000  more  have  confessed  their  faith, 
thus  giving  a  total  of  about  100,000  at  the 
close  of  1899.  These  figures  may  be  tabulated 
as  follows: — 

1814,  first  convert  baptized  by  Morrison.  / 

1842,  enrolled  membership, 6  or  lo   ■. 

1853,          "                  "              350     I 

1857,          •'                  "              500     ' 

1867,          "                  "              3,000 

1877,  "  "  13,515 

1886,  "  "  28,000 

1889,  "  "  37,287 

1893,  "  "  55,093 

1899,         "  "  100,000 

The  Missionary  Review  of  the  World  strik- 
ingly says  :  "  As  evidence  of  marvels  at  hand,  it 
is  to  be  remembered  that  it  took  thirty  years  to 
produce  the  first  six  converts  in  China,  thirty 


26  STIRRING    FACTS 

years  more  to  turn  them  into  six  thousand,  while 
ckiring  the  last  year  alone  more  than  six  thou- 
sand converts  were  gathered  in." 

These  are  but  figures,  yet  they  fairly  thrill  with 
life.  The  complaint  is  sometimes  heard  that  it 
takes  a  great  deal  of  money  to  convert  a  single 
heathen,  but  where  else  can  results  proportion- 
ally so  large  be  found?  If  a  man  wants  quick 
and  large  returns  for  his  money,  Foreign  Mission 
work  is  the  place  in  which  to  invest  it.  Colqu- 
houn,  in  China  in  Transformation,  p.  152,  says 
that  British  trade  with  China  has  increased  four- 
fold in  forty  years.  The  membership  of  the 
Protestant  Church  in  China  has  grown  two  hun- 
dred-fold since  1857,  or  fifty  times  as  rapidly  as 
Great  Britain's  trade.  The  vast  sums  invested 
by  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  buildings,  equip- 
ment, and  salaries  in  America  produced  a  growth 
of  but  1.3  per  cent  in  membership  during  1898, 
whereas  the  money  invested  by  the  Church 
in  foreign  missions  paid  over  14  per  cent  in  in- 
creased church  membership.  This  is  the  language 
of  foolishness,  yet  we  can  accept  the  challenge  of 
the  overmastering  mercantilism  of  the  day.  The 
Spirit  of  God  is  moving  on  the  millions  of  China, 
and  we  may  hojoe  to  see  mighty  changes  in  the 
immediate  future.  Dr.  Ashmore,  after  fifty  years 
in  China,  said  at  the  Ecumenical  Conference : 
"There  is  to  be  a  better  China — a  regenerated 
China.  Once  emancipated  from  their  slavish 
allegiance  to  their  literary  class,  having  no  India 
caste  to  keep  them  back,  we  are  safe  in  assuming 
that  there  will  be  such  ingatherings  into  the 
Church  as  the  world  has  never  seen.  ...  It  is 
our  firm  conviction  that  the  coming  century  will 


STIRRING    FACTS  29 

witness  the  fall  of  heathenism  in  China  and  the 
dominance  of  the  Christian  faith." 

A  fifth  fact  is  that  the  Chinese  Church  is  a  con- 
secrated, wit)iess-bearing  Church. 

This  appears  from  what  they  are  themselves 
doing  toward  support  of  the  work.  In  the 
earlier  stages  of  mission  work  it  was,  of  course, 
necessary  that  all  money  should  come  from 
the  missionary.  There  was  no  Christian  con- 
stituency from  which  to  draw  funds.  How 
matters  have  changed  may  be  illustrated  in 
the  development  of  educational  work.  When 
the  first  mission  schools  were  opened  in  Shan- 
tung only  the  poorest  and  most  forlorn  of  the 
population  were  willing  to  be  enrolled  as  pupils. 
In  Chi  Nan  Fu  the  missionaries  were  compelled 
to  take  beggars  from  the  street,  or  others  as 
poor.  These  pupils  were  washed  and  shaved 
(their  heads),  clothed,  and  given  bedding — so 
much,  before  they  could  be  admitted  to  the 
school ;  then  they  were  given  their  food  and 
books,  with  other  articles  necessary  to  their 
work.  In  fact  the  institution  was  on  an  abso- 
lutely free  basis.  This  was  not  what  the  mis- 
sionaries wanted,  but  it  appeared  to  be  the  only 
way  in  which  a  start  could  be  made.  Gradually 
a  Christian  constituency  has  grown  up  round 
the  station.  A  better  class  of  pupils  has  come 
to  the  schools.  Ideas  of  self-help  and  independ- 
ence have  been  instilled  by  the  missionary  and 
received  and  adopted  by  the  more  adx'anced  of 
the  Chinese  community.  One  by  one  the  gifts 
of  the  mission  have  been  withheld.  Sometimes 
there  has  been  some  friction,  but  the  missionary 
has  always  had  the  support  of  the  leading  Chinese 


30  STIRRING    FACTS 

Christians.  Thus,  one  step  at  a  time,  and  with 
much  exhortation  and  persuasion,  the  spirit  of 
independence  has  thrown  until  a  year  or  more 
ago  the  Boys'  High  School  had  reached  a  posi- 
tion where  nothing  but  the  teachers'  salaries  came 
from  the  mission  and  the  boys  provided  their  own 
bedding,  clothing,  food,  and  incidentals. 

This  development  of  financial  strength  has 
been  shown  in  the  conduct  of  primary  schools 
as  well  as  in  the  higher  departments.  When  I 
took  charge  of  my  portion  of  the  Chi  Nan  Fu 
field  six  years  ago,  the  teacher's  salary  was  paid 
in  full  by  the  mission ;  part  of  the  books  were 
given  to  pupils ;  and  to  each  of  those  from  vil- 
lages other  than  that  in  which  the  school  was 
located,  enough  money  was  given  to  provide 
from  one-half  to  three-fourths  of  his  food.  From 
this  we  have  advanced  within  these  three  or  four 
years  past  until  now  these  incidental  and  board- 
ing expenses  are  carried  by  the  pupils  themselves, 
and  in  addition  from  one- third  to  three-fourths 
of  the  salary  of  the  teacher  is  paid  by  the  Chinese 
patrons  of  the  school.  This  has  come  about  with- 
out the  slightest  friction  and  has  met  the  approval 
of  part,  at  least,  of  those  who  have  had  to  pay  the 
money  formerly  given  by  the  mission. 

In  the  older  Christian  communities  many  of 
the  churches  are  entirely  self-supporting,  that  is, 
they  pay  all  their  running  expenses,  including  the 
salary  of  the  Chinese  pastor ;  and  many  of  the 
newly  organized  churches  which  are  now  more 
or  less  irregularly  served  by  the  foreign  mission- 
ary, or  by  an  unordaincd  cx'angelist,  are  looking 
f  )r\vard  to  tlic  day  when  their  strength  will  be 
sufficient    to    warrant    the    calling:    of  a    settled 


STIRKING    FACTS  3 1 

native  pastor.  More  than  once  has  one  of  my 
elders  exchiimcd  that  he  wished  his  church  were 
strong  enough  to  have  my  entire  time,  that  is,  to 
call  me  to  be  the  pastor  of  that  individual  church 
and  to  pay  my  salary. 

It  is  difficult  to  secure  accurate  and  complete 
statistics  of  contributions  from  Chinese  Chris- 
tians toward  support  of  the  Church ;  but  some 
idea  of  the  progress  along  this  line  may  be  se- 
cured by  a  comparison  of  the  results  tabulated 
in'the  statistical  tables  of  the  two  Shanghai  con- 
ferences of  1877  and  1890.  In  1877  there  were 
312  organized  churches  in  all  China,  and  but  18 
of  these  were  self-supporting.  This  is  a  percent- 
age of  5.7.  In  1890  the  various  societies  at  work 
in  China  reported  522  organized  churches,  94  of 
which  were  independent  of  foreign  support.  This 
shows  that  over  18  per  cent  of  the  churches  were 
self-supporting.  From  another  point  of  view  it 
appears  that  the  increase  in  contributions  was 
proportionally  much  greater  than  the  increase  in 
membership.  In  1877  there  were  13,025  mem- 
bers reported.  In  1890,  37,287.  This  is  an 
increase  of  2.86  fold.  On  the  other  hand 
contributions  grew  during  this  period  from 
$^271.^2  (1877)  to  $36,884.54  (1890),  or 
3.97  times.  Hence,  while  the  membership  fell 
somewhat  below  a  threefold  increase,  contri- 
butions lacked  but  little  of  a  fourfold  growth. 
There  is  every  reason  to  think  that  the  growth 
toward  self-support  has  not  fallen  off  during  the 
ten  years  past. 

The  Chinese  Church  as  I  know  it  is  a  witness- 
bearing  Church.  Not  that  every  one  of  its  mem- 
bers has  risen  to  this  privilege,  but  it  is  true  that 


32  STIRRING    FACTS 

a  very  large  proportion  have.  Shao  Tei  Heng 
was  a  sneak  thief,  and  a  Cliinese  sneak  thief  the 
description  of  whose  Httleness  and  meanness  baf- 
fles me.  He  had  run  away  from  home  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  and  Uved  as  a  beggar  and  thief  until 
over  forty,  when  he  was  suddenly  and  powerfully 
converted.  One  day  long  afterwards  he  met  a 
teacher  coming  out  of  the  dispensary  whither  he 
had  gone  for  treatment  of  writer's  cramp.  The 
teacher  was  a  heathen.  Shao  Tei  Heng  asked 
what  was  his  trouble  and  told  him  he  must  pray 
to  God  if  the  medicine  was  to  do  any  good.  They 
prayed.  The  man  was  healed  and  he  and  his 
whole  family  thank  God  to-day  for  the  ex-thief 
This  same  man  has  brought  in  eight  or  ten 
others.  He  was  himself  baptized  about  four 
years  ago. 

Mrs.  Ts'wei  was  an  ignorant  countrywoman. 
The  evangelist  told  me  she  wished  to  be  bap- 
tized. I  examined  her  and,  rather  in  doubt  and 
with  much  hesitation,  received  her.  I  was  afraid 
she  had  not  rightly  comprehended  what  faith  in 
Jesus  is.  She  seemed  to  receive  a  baptism  from 
above,  for  she  became  a  serious  learner  of  hymns 
and  portions  of  the  gospels,  and  since  that  time 
has  greatly  helped  her  husband  and  brought 
seven  or  eight  persons  to  a  knowledge  of  Jesus. 

Traveling  one  afternoon  in  the  northern  part 
of  my  district,  I  found  the  road  so  heavy  that  I 
was  obliged  to  step  off  the  Chinese  wheelbarrow 
in  order  to  lighten  it.  Even  then  the  mud  clogged 
the  wheel  so  that  c\'er)' few  rods  the  barrow  man 
must  stop  to  dig  it  clear.  The  sun  was  setting 
as  we  reached  the  village  eight  or  nine  miles 
from  our  destination,  and  we  knew  that  to  pro- 


STIRRING    FACTS  33 

ceed  farther  was  impossible.  There  was  no 
public  inn.  We  had  no  friends  or  acquaintances. 
A  kind-hearted  farmer,  who  had  an  empty  room, 
took  pity  on  us  and  lodged  us.  After  the  even- 
ing meal  the  people  of  the  village  came  in  to 
smoke  and  talk.  There  may  have  been  thirty  or 
forty  of  them.  We  talked  of  the  new  religion, 
and  they  asked  many  questions  regarding  my 
native  land  and  its  customs.  This  discussion 
continued  for  two  hours  or  more,  and  toward  the 
end  one  of  the  men  said,  "  Mr.  P'ang  Choa  is  a 
member  of  your  church,  is  he  not?"  This  was 
the  name  of  a  man  whom  I  had  but  recently  bap- 
tized, a  member  of  a  new  Christian  community 
out  of  which  a  church  has  since  been  organ- 
ized. I  answered  "  Yes  "  to  his  question,  though 
not  without  some  misgivings  that  something 
might  be  wrong.  The  testimony  which  he  pro- 
ceeded to  give  to  the  changed  character  of  the 
man  was  very  clear.  He  had  known  the  new 
disciple  for  many  years,  and  had  known  that  he 
was  a  salt  smuggler  and  a  violent  man.  He  said 
there  was  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  he  had 
renounced  these  ways.  Mr.  P'ang,  before  his 
conversion,  was  in  constant  danger  of  losing  his 
head,  since  salt  smuggling  is  a  capital  offense. 
He  was  notoriously  unkind  to  his  wife  and  negli- 
gent of  his  family.  He  was  illiterate,  and  be- 
longed to  the  numerous  class  of  landless — pro- 
prietors of  their  time  only,  which  in  China  is 
barely  sufficient  to  keep  soul  and  body  together. 
He  was  altogether  the  kind  of  man  whom  our 
critics,  who  leave  the  work  of  God's  Spirit  out 
of  consideration,  would  declare  "  a  rice  Christian." 
The  Spirit  of  God  took  hold  of  him,  and  he 
3 


34  STIRRING     FACTS 

ceased  to  violate  the  laws  of  the  land.  Before  it 
was  generally  known  that  he  was  a  Christian, 
and  just  at  the  time  when  the  struggle  for  honest 
living  was  hardest,  a  friend  came  and  gave  him 
a  sum  of  money  with  which  to  buy  illicit  salt, 
and,  refusing  to  believe  that  he  had  gone  out  of 
the  business,  insisted  on  leaving  the  money  with 
him.  Perhaps  the  surest  proof  of  his  changed 
heart  was  the  new  attitude  toward  his  wife.  He 
no  longer  abused  her.  On  the  contrary,  when 
he  had  himself  learned  to  read  the  Gospel  of 
Matthew  he  taught  her,  and  from  him  she  learned 
to  pray,  and  so  their  two  sons  and  the  daughter- 
in-law,  with  her  children,  believed  and  were  bap- 
tized. Before  Mr.  P'ang  had  himself  received 
baptism  he  had  been  living  this  Hfe  for  over  two 
years,  and  in  this  time  had  learned  to  read  Mat- 
thew's Gospel  and  had  committed  it  to  memory. 
He  placed  a  small  bean-oil  lamp  on  two  sticks 
driven  into  the  soft  wall  of  his  adobe  house,  and 
at  night,  when  unable  to  sleep,  spent  many  hours 
reading  and  memorizing  the  book  through  which 
God's  light  had  come  into  his  soul.  Nor  is  his 
a  vain  repetition  of  meaningless  sounds  as  is  so 
often  the  case  when  Chinese  memorize  their 
classics.  He  is  now  an  elder  iji  the  new  church, 
and,  with  a  companion,  goes  to  neighboring  vil- 
lages where  there  are  inquirers  and  explains  the 
truth  to  them.  I  said  to  him  one  day,  about  four 
years  after  his  conversion:  "  I  wish  I  could  find 
you  a  place  in  which  you  could  earn  your  li\'ing 
without  working  so  hard."  He  replied  that  I 
need  not  worry  about  him  ;  that  he  was  getting 
on  all  right,  and  that  he  had  no  complaint  to 
make  of  the  way  in  which  the  heavenly  Father 


STIRRING    FACTS  35 

was  caring  for  him.  At  this  time  the  members 
of  the  family  were  eating  but  Httle  more  than 
chaff  and  bran.  They  bought  the  wheat  and 
ground  it  at  their  handmill ;  renewed  their  capi- 
tal by  selling  the  bread  which  they  made  from 
the  flour,  and  sustained  life  on  the  refuse  of  the 
milling  process.  Though  so  desperately  poor, 
he  has  never  shown  any  other  spirit  than  that 
manifested  by  the  answer  to  my  question.  He 
subscribed  and  paid  toward  the  new  church 
building  a  sum  sufficient  to  provide  himself  with 
good  food  for  three  months.  This  man  was  one 
of  the  sixteen  men  who,  with  four  women,  were 
baptized  May  30,  1897,  after  the  unusually  long 
probation  of  two  and  one-half  years.  These  and 
forty  others  received  later  were  constituted  the 
"  Harmony  Church,"  on  September  24,  1899.  A 
building,  combined  church  and  school  for  which 
no  mission  funds  were  used,  was  dedicated  June 
19,  1898 — ^just  about  a  year  from  the  time  of  the 
first  baptism.  When  the  church  was  organized 
there  were,  besides  the  sixty  members,  ov^er 
eighty  hopeful  inquirers. 

Of  the  native  Christians  whom  he  met  in 
India,  Julian  Hawthorne  said :  "  Those  that  I 
saw  are  a  remarkable  and  impressive  body  of 
men  and  women.  I  was  always  saying  to  my- 
self, '  They  are  like  the  people  of  the  Bible.'  " 
This  might  with  equal  truth  be  said  of  the  Chi- 
nese Christians.  Very  many  of  them  "  are  like 
the  people  of  the  Bible"  in  their  simplicity,  ear- 
nestness, and  faith.  To  these  the  words  of  our 
Lord,  which  to  many  in  lands  nominally  Chris- 
tian possess  no  vitalized  meaning,  appeal  with  the 
force  of  overwhelming  certainty.     How  true  this 


36  STIRRING    FACTS 

is  appears  from  the  following  incident,  which 
comes  from  Manchuria :  "  In  one  place  a  man 
was  found  unable  to  leave  his  bed,  having  been 
beaten  nigh  to  death  because  he  had  followed 
the  new  faith,  but  he  said  to  Mr.  Douglass, '  Is  it 
not  enough  for  the  disciple,  pastor,  that  he  be  as 
his  Master  ?'  One  of  this  man's  daughters  came 
forward  for  baptism ;  she  was  asked,  '  What  if 
you  should  have  to  suffer  as  your  father  ?' 
and  her  quick  reply  was,  '  Has  not  our  Lord 
said,  "  Rejoice  and  be  exceeding  glad,  for  great 
is  your  reward  in  heaven"  ?  '  When  converts  are 
made  of  such  stuff  as  this,  it  is  no  wonder  that 
the  kingdom  advances."  (Missionary  Review  of 
the  World.) 

It  was  in  the  summer  and  early  fall  of  1899 
that  the  Boxer  troubles  began  in  the  persecution 
of  Chinese  Christians  connected  with  the  sta- 
tion of  the  American  Board  Mission  at  P'ang 
Chuang  and  a  little  later  of  our  Chi  Nan 
Fu  country  members.  At  that  time  no  one 
supposed  that  before  the  year  was  gone  and  as 
a  result  of  her  vacillating  and  criminal  policy, 
the  Empress  Dowager,  with  the  virtually  de- 
throned emperor  and  the  court,  would  have  fled 
the  imperial  city  before  the  advancing  arms  of 
the  despised  "  foreign  devils."  It  is  true  that  the 
missionaries  urged  upon  the  officials  as  a  ground 
for  prompt  and  vigorous  suppression  of  the  law- 
lessness, the  fear  that  if  not  promptly  dealt  with 
the  outbreak  would  assume  the  proportions  of  a 
serious  and  widespread  rebellion.  To  this  and 
other  appeals  a  deaf  ear  was  turned,  and  the  true 
aim  of  the  Governor  of  Shantung  in  his  out- 
rageous encouragement  of  lawlessness  appeared 


STIRRING    FACTS  37 

in  the  memorial  in  which  he  addressed  the  throne, 
saying  that  the  "  Boxer "  movement  was  too 
strong  to  be  put  down,  and  would  better  be  util- 
ized to  drive  out  all  foreigners.  It  is  not  intended 
to  discuss  here  the  vicious  attitude  of  the  Chinese 
officials,  which  was  the  immediate  occasion  of 
the  fearful  outbreak  that  has  affected  directly  all 
the  so-called  civilized  world.  At  the  opening 
of  the  disturbance  the  attack  was  upon  the  Chris- 
tians living  in  the  villages  of  northwestern 
Shantung.  What  these  men  and  women  were 
called  upon  to  suffer  may  be  judged  when  it  is 
known  that  bands  of  men  numbering  from  fifty 
to  five  hundred,  armed  with  weapons  of  all  sorts, 
came  to  their  homes  and  stole  everything.  At 
first  the  temper  of  these  mobs  was  less  violent, 
and  bodily  injury  seldom  resulted  except  when 
resistance  was  offered.  Clothing,  bedding,  grain, 
fuel,  furniture,  carts,  animals,  farming  implements, 
ready  money — everything,  was  taken.  Some- 
times the  deeds  to  property  were  demanded,  and 
when  secured  were  handed  over  to  anyone  who 
would  pay  for  them.  In  other  cases  the  owners 
were  permitted  to  ransom  their  property  with 
money  borrowed  from  sympathizing  neighbors, 
but  many  times  the  mob  ended  their  work  by 
setting  fire  to  the  buildings  and  leaving  their 
victim  with  nothing  but  what  he  wore.  As  this 
outbreak  has  developed,  the  spirit  of  the  rioters 
has  grown  more  fierce,  and  since  their  cause  has 
received  the  support  of  the  Chinese  government, 
many  of  the  Christians  have  been  killed — how 
many  we  do  not  as  yet  know.  But  through  these 
fearful  struggles  the  great  body  of  believers  has 
stood  firm,  and  these  Chinese  saints  have  testified 


38  Stirring  facts 

to  the  genuineness  of  their  profession  even  at  the 
cost  of  their  hves. 

One  man,  Mr.  Chang,  whom  I  baptized  about 
two  years  ago  and  who  is  one  of  the  wealth- 
iest men  in  the  church,  after  seeing  his  house 
looted  and  partly  burned  and  his  grain  and  fuel 
carried  away,  was  himself  tied  to  a  tree  and  threat- 
ened with  instant  death  unless  he  forsook  the 
Christian  religion.  The  "  Great  Knife  "  was  held 
above  his  head,  but  he  answered  his  tormentors  : 
"  If  you  kill  me  I  shall  believe  in  Jesus,  and  if 
you  let  me  go  I  shall  still  believe  in  him."  I 
have  not  received  details  as  to  how  God  turned 
aside  the  evil  purposes  of  his  enemies,  but  he 
was  saved.  It  was  my  privilege  to  baptize  that 
man  and  to  do  something  in  instructing  him  in 
the  way  of  life.     I  pray  that  I  may  be  as  faithful. 

I  might  go  on  indefinitely  telling  of  such  men 
and  women.  They  are  glorifying  God  by  bear- 
ing fruit.  They  are  treading  to-day  the  same 
path  of  obloquy  and  scorn  and  suffering  which 
the  God-man  trod  nineteen  hundred  years  ago. 
God  grant  that  they  put  us  not  to  shame  in  that 
great  day  when  all  nations  shall  stand  before  the 
glorified  King ! 

An  open  door  of  wondrous  privilege  is  before 
us.  From  the  ashes  of  this  great  conflagration 
will  arise,  even  more  vigorous,  a  purified  Church, 
whose  dependence  shall  be  wholly  upon  God, 
The  travail  of  soul  of  missionary  and  Chinese 
Christian  will  not  be  in  vain,  and  after  these 
agonizing  throes  are  past  we  may  hope  to  see 
the  new  and  regenerated  China.  Another  has 
said  :  "  What  Christianity  has  done  for  us  it  will 
do  for  the  Chinese,  and  under  conditions  far  more 


STIRRING    FACTS  39 

favorable,  by  reason  of  the  high  vitalizatlon  of 
the  age  in  which  we  live,  its  unfettered  communi- 
cation and  the  rapid  transfusion  of  intellectual 
and  spiritual  forces.  The  forecast  of  results  like 
these  is  no  longer  the  iridescent  dream  it  once 
api^eared.  It  is  sober  history  rationally  inter- 
preted." To  each  of  us  it  is  given  to  have  a  part 
in  this  great  work.  He  who  prays  and  gives, 
whose  soul  is  consumed  with  zeal  for  the  con- 
version of  all  for  whom  Christ  died,  and  who  is 
willing  to  suffer  w'ith  him  that  men  may  live,  is  a 
true  soldier  of  Jesus  Christ  and  fellow-worker 
with  his  saints.  Each  of  us  may  stand  at  the 
bedside  of  the  sick  and  suffering  in  heathen  lands 
and  bring  relief  of  body  and  soul  to  thousands 
of  God's  sinning  children.  It  were  enough  if 
only  our  own  sins  were  forgiven ;  but  who  shall 
measure  the  love  and  mercy  of  the  Saviour  who 
raises  those  but  just  forgiven  to  the  position  of 
ambassadors — of  fellow-workers  with  himself  for 
the  salvation  of  others  ?  He  offers  this  wonder- 
ful privilege  to  each,  and  he  w411  pay  not  a  paltry 
five  per  cent  but  infinite  interest  on  the  spiritual 
capital  which  we  may  bring  to  his  service.  In 
the  name  of  the  Saviour  who  died  for  all,  in  the 
name  of  sin-ridden,  suffering  humanity  which 
God  loves,  I  call  upon  each  of  you  to  rise  to  a 
higher,  more  complete  consecration,  to  consider 
his  stewardship,  to  accept  the  honor  which  God 
waits  to  bestow,  and  to  become  from  this  hour 
forth  more  fully  than  e\'er  before  coworkers  with 
Jesus  for  the  salvation  of  all  men. 


fiord  ' 


PAMPHLET   BINDER 

■.  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Stockton,  Calif. 


BW8240  .D25 
"Stirring  facts,  an  address  on  China. 


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